07

OT / ICS / IoT Security

Protect your critical industrial infrastructure without stopping operations.

OT/ICS and IoT industrial systems are growing targets for directed attacks. We assess PLCs, SCADA, HMIs, industrial protocols (Modbus, DNP3, OPC-UA, EtherNet/IP) and IoT/IIoT devices with an approach that minimizes operational risk and aligns with IEC 62443 and NIST CSF.

+49%

YoY increase in ransomware groups targeting industry (119 vs 80)

Dragos OT Year in Review 2026

50%

of OT organizations suffered at least one incident in the past year

Fortinet 2025 State of OT Cybersecurity

Top 3

most affected verticals: manufacturing (45.8%), energy (21.3%), water

CISA ICS Advisories 2025

Reference framework

IEC 62443 zones and conduits

We assess industrial security under the IEC 62443 zones-and-conduits model (extended Purdue Model), validating the 7 foundational requirements (FRs) at each level.

ZONE-5

Enterprise (IT)

Corporate IT layer: ERP, offices, internet. The most common entry point for OT-targeted threats.

ZONE-4

Site Operations / DMZ

Industrial DMZ between IT and OT: jump servers, replication servers, centralized AV, traffic validation.

ZONE-3

Operations Management

Historian, MES, batch management — operational management layer with interfaces to IT and OT.

ZONE-2

Supervisory Control (SCADA/HMI)

Operator stations, SCADA, HMIs, process engineer. The human-machine interface.

ZONE-1

Basic Control (PLC/RTU)

Logic controllers: PLCs, RTUs, SIS. Real-time control logic, industrial protocols.

ZONE-0

Process / Field Devices

Sensors, actuators, motors, valves. The physical layer of the production process.

FR-1

Identification & Authentication Control

Unique identification of humans, software, devices. Authentication proportional to risk.

FR-2

Use Control

Restriction of actions authorized per user and context. Least-privilege principle.

FR-3

System Integrity

Integrity of software, data and communications. Detection of unauthorized changes.

FR-7

Resource Availability

Resilience against DoS and degradation. Operational continuity as a security requirement.

What we evaluate

  • Assessment of SCADA, HMI and PLCs (Siemens, Allen-Bradley, Schneider)
  • IoT and IIoT device pentesting
  • Industrial protocol analysis
  • IT/OT segmentation assessment (zones and conduits)
  • Embedded-device firmware analysis
  • Continuous passive monitoring of OT networks

Methodology

  1. 1OT/IoT asset inventory and mapping
  2. 2Passive assessment first (no impact on operations)
  3. 3Active testing during maintenance windows
  4. 4ICS-specific vulnerability analysis
  5. 5Validation against IEC 62443 and NIST CSF
  6. 6Retesting included at no additional cost

Deliverables

  • OT/IoT asset map with threat exposure
  • Findings report with operational risk
  • IT/OT segmentation plan
  • Recommendations aligned with IEC 62443-3-3
  • Knowledge-transfer session with plant teams

Frequently asked questions

Is it safe to test industrial systems in production?

OT environments do not tolerate the intrusive techniques common in IT: an aggressive scan can halt a production line. We therefore use passive techniques, agreed windows and, where possible, lab or replica environments. Availability comes first.

What is IT/OT segmentation and why do you assess it?

It is the separation between the corporate network and the industrial network. When that boundary is porous, a compromise in corporate email can end up reaching a PLC. We verify that segmentation truly exists and not only on the network diagram.

What is IEC 62443?

It is the international reference standard for the cybersecurity of industrial automation and control systems. It defines security levels, zones and conduits, and it is the framework we align the assessment with.

Do you cover IoT and IIoT devices?

Yes. We assess firmware, communication protocols, management interfaces and default credentials, both in consumer devices attached to the corporate network and in connected industrial equipment.

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